[Features of detection and interpretation of intravital and postmortem changes according to the results of traditional X-ray and X-ray computed tomography of objects from historical graves and artefacts]. / Osobennosti vyyavleniya i interpretatsii prizhiznennykh i posmertnykh izmenenii po rezul'tatam traditsionnoi rentgenografii i rentgenovskoi komp'yuternoi tomografii ob"ektov iz istoricheskikh zakhoronenii i artefaktov.

OBJECTIVE: To study emergence mechanism, physical nature, pattern of intravital and postmortem changes of biological and non-biological objects originated in the period from 1550 to 1918 yr. using traditional X-ray and X-ray computed tomography. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The relics of Saint Macarius the Roman of Novgorod, the remains of the First Reverend of the Resurrection Novodevichy Convent in Saint Petersburg Mother Superior Theophania, damages on the chair leg on which Tsesarevich Alexey sat during the shooting of Russian Emperor Nicholas II, his family and entourage in 1918 in Yekaterinburg were stidued. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The application of highly informative methods of traditional X-ray and X-ray computed tomography of biological and non-biological objects showed their high informativity and allowed to correctly interpret the emergence mechanism, physical nature, pattern of intravital and postmortem changes of skeleton bones and historical artefact (chair legs) originated long ago. The necessity of special professional training and advanced training of experts in forensic radiology to prevent possible diagnostic and expert errors has been substantiated.

[Endovascular treatment of aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms of visceral arteries]. / Éndovaskuliarnoe lechenie anevrizm i psevdoanevrizm vistseral'nykh arterii.

AIM: The purpose of the study was to demonstrate the possibilities and efficacy of endovascular interventions in patients with visceral artery aneurysms. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From 2013 to June 2020, we performed 15 embolizations of visceral artery aneurysms in 15 patients (8 men and 7 women). The technical success rate was 100%. The patients' age varied from 32 to 71 years. In 8 cases, the aneurysm was located in the basin of the splenic artery, in 3 cases in the gastroduodenal artery, in 2 cases in the superior mesenteric artery and in 2 cases in the renal artery. Three aneurysms were classified as false, and 12 as true. All aneurysms were saccular, with their diameter ranging from 6 to 32 mm. In 2 patients aneurysms were detected after endured infective endocarditis, in 8 during examination in abdominal pain syndrome, and in 5 cases as an incidental finding while performing computed tomography of abdominal organs. One patient was subjected to embolization of the afferent vessel, two underwent implantation of stent grafts into the aneurysmal neck area, and eleven underwent aneurysmal sac embolization with microcoils. In 9 cases, embolization was performed using microcoils only in 1 case using microcoils with balloon assistance, and in 2 cases using microcoils with stent assistance. We used from 1 to 12 microcoils, with a diameter of from 2 to 30 mm. RESULTS: During endovascular embolization of visceral artery aneurysms there were no target-organ infarctions, haemorrhagic complications, nor lethal outcomes. In the early postoperative period, 7 patients developed pain syndrome. In 1 case pain syndrome was relieved by narcotic analgesics, in 4 cases by spasmolytics, and in 2 cases by a combination of spasmolytics and non-narcotic analgesics. CONCLUSION: Endovascular treatment of visceral arterial aneurysms is an efficient and safe method.

[Embolization of a pseudoaneurysm of the inferior gastroduodenal artery]. / Émbolizatsiia lozhnoi anevrizmy nizhnei zheludochno dvenadtsatiperstnoi arterii.

Aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms of visceral arteries are relatively rare clinical entities and their pathogenesis has not yet been fully understood. Aneurysmal rupture appears to be a complication leading to life-threatening internal haemorrhage and is a cause of high mortality. However, advances in endovascular surgery techniques have extended the capabilities of treating aneurysms, allowing microemboli to be delivered even to the hard-to-reach portions of the vascular bed with complicated anatomy. Presented in the article is a clinical case report regarding embolization of a false aneurysm of the inferior gastrointestinal artery, separated by a microcoil, and demonstrating possibilities of endovascular superselective embolization of the target vessel.

[Chiari network and pulmonary embolism].

We present the case of a patient with acute pulmonary embolism, Chiari network thrombus, and deep vein thrombosis in lower extremities. Chiari networks are present in the right atrium in a minority of population and are usually of no clinical significance. On the other hand it may be associated with such pathological changes as patent foramen ovale, intraatrial thrombus, or atrial arrhythmias. In our case thrombus was trapped by a Chiari's network.

[Errors when performing computed tomographic colonography (virtual colonoscopy) and assessing its results].

Computed tomographic colonography (CTC) is a noninvasive diagnostic method for significantly identifying clinically relevant colonic and rectal tumors. Good colonic preparation that includes laxatives or residue-free diet, as well as labelling the intestinal contents is needed to adequately interpret CTC data. However, errors in interpreting the results of CTC can be associated with not only the imperfections of large bowel preparation for examination, but also due to those of the latter and because of the anatomic features of the colon. The paper describes difficulties and the most common errors in CTC, including own experience.

[Mini-invasive operations in patients with vessels diseases].

Hybrid operations combining open and endovascular surgeries are used in cardio-vascular surgery for the last 10-15 years. It leads to decrease complications frequency and mortality in case of pronounced comorbidities and severe heart, aorta and its branches disease. Authors have experience in performing of 10 hybrid surgeries and 7 aneurysms endoprosthesis of abdominal aorta. All operated patients had severe comorbidities which significantly increase risk of open surgery. These comorbidities were contraindication for open surgery in patients with abdominal aorta aneurysm. Thanks to introduction into practice hybrid operations and aorta aneurysms endoprosthesis the authors decreased complications frequency and avoided deaths in operated patients.